Important Points on Interleukin:
- IL-1
- is
produced by many different cell types, with relatively high
concentrations being produced by macrophages, monocytes, Langerhans'
cells of the skin, and other dendritic cells.
- was
formerly known as lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF).
- augments
the activity of many cell types, especially T cells.
- is
an endogenous pyrogen (EP).
- induces
an increase in acute phase reactants.
- is
a heat-stable and pH-stable peptide with a molecular weight of 17.5 kd.
- occurs
in two forms: IL-1α and IL-1β.
- IL-2
- is
produced by T cells and large granular lymphocytes (LGLs).
- was
formerly known as T-cell growth factor (TCGF).
- augments
proliferation of T and B cells.
- enhances
activity of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
- is
a heat-labile glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 15.5 kd.
- IL-4
- is
produced by T cells.
- is
mitogenic for B cells.
- promotes
a switch to IgE production.
- stimulates
mast cells.
- IL-5
- is
produced by T cells.
- stimulates
B-cell differentiation and maturation.
- enhances
IL-2 receptor expression.
- enhances
IgA synthesis.
- IL-6
- is
produced by B cells, T cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts.
- induces
acute phase reactants.
- induces
B-cell differentiation.
- IFN-gamma
- is produced by activated T cells and LGLs.
- increases the expression of class II HLAs on B cells, macrophages, and other APCs.
- has antiviral properties.
- provides regulatory control in the immune response.
- has a heat-labile glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 17 kd.
MCQs.
Q 1 -Which of the following substances enhances the
switch from immunoglobulin G (IgG) to immunoglobulin E (IgE) production?
(A) Interleukin (IL)-1
(B) IL-2
(C) IL-3
(D) IL-4
ANS - D.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is the major interleukin involved in the shift to
immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and concomitant stimulation of mast cells.
IL-4 is therefore important in the inception and maintenance of type I
hypersensitivity reactions.
Q
2 - Which of the following substances is produced by macrophages and
macrophage-like cells?
(A) Interleukin (IL)-1
(B) IL-2
(C) IL-3
(D) IL-4
ANS - A.
Macrophage and macrophage-like cells produce interleukin (IL)-1. (All the other
interleukins listed are T-cell products.) Macrophages are also known to produce
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β and several other monokines. Some researchers
believe that IL-6 and IL-8 are produced by both T cells and macrophages.
Q
3 - Which of the following substances is a potent stimulator of
hematopoiesis?
(A) Interleukin (IL)-1
(B) IL-2
(C) IL-3
(D) IL-4
ANS - C. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is the major
hematopoiesis stimulator of the interleukins listed.
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